Common File Types with Extensions

Each and every file has an extension. A file extension or a file name extension is the suffix at the end of a file name that indicates what kind of file it is. For example, a JPEG image file   has an extension like .jpg. Similarly, you can identify a file as text file if it has an extension like .txt.   

If you don't see an extension after the file name then you should turn on a setting. Just double click on My Computer then go to the Folder options. Now click on the View tab. After 8 or 9 options you will find an option named hide extensions for known file types. Just turn it off. And from now you will be able to see the file extensions of any files. 

Some of the common file types with extensions are as below. 

Text Files
.doc	Microsoft Word Document
.docx	Microsoft Word Open XML Document
.log	Log File
.msg	Outlook Mail Message
.odt	Open Document Text Document
.pages	Pages Document
.rtf	Rich Text Format File
.tex	LaTeX Source Document
.txt	Plain Text File
.wpd	WordPerfect Document
.wps	Microsoft Works Word Processor Document

Data Files
.csv	Comma Separated Values File
.dat	Data File
.efx	eFax Document
.epub	Open eBook File
.gbr	Gerber File
.ged	GEDCOM Genealogy Data File
.ibooks	Multi-Touch iBook
.key	Keynote Presentation
.pps	PowerPoint Slide Show
.ppt	PowerPoint Presentation
.pptx	PowerPoint Open XML Presentation
.sdf	Standard Data File
.tar	Consolidated Unix File Archive
.tax2010	TurboTax 2010 Tax Return
.vcf	vCard File
.xml	XML File

Audio Files
.aif	Audio Interchange File Format
.iff	Interchange File Format
.m3u	Media Playlist File
.m4a	MPEG-4 Audio File
.mid	MIDI File
.mp3	MP3 Audio File
.mpa	MPEG-2 Audio File
.ra	Real Audio File
.wav	WAVE Audio File
.wma	Windows Media Audio File

Video Files
.3g2	3GPP2 Multimedia File
.3gp	3GPP Multimedia File
.asf	Advanced Systems Format File
.asx	Microsoft ASF Redirector File
.avi	Audio Video Interleave File
.flv	Flash Video File
.mov	Apple QuickTime Movie
.mp4	MPEG-4 Video File
.mpg	MPEG Video File
.rm	Real Media File
.srt	SubRip Subtitle File
.swf	Shockwave Flash Movie
.vob	DVD Video Object File
.wmv	Windows Media Video File

3D Image Files
.3dm	Rhino 3D Model
.max	3ds Max Scene File
.obj	Wavefront 3D Object File

Raster Image Files
.bmp	Bitmap Image File
.dds	DirectDraw Surface
.gif	Graphical Interchange Format File
.jpg	JPEG Image
.png	Portable Network Graphic
.psd	Adobe Photoshop Document
.pspimage	PaintShop Pro Image
.tga	Targa Graphic
.thm	Thumbnail Image File
.tif	Tagged Image File
.yuv	YUV Encoded Image File

Vector Image Files
.ai	Adobe Illustrator File
.eps	Encapsulated PostScript File
.ps	PostScript File
.svg	Scalable Vector Graphics File

Page Layout Files
.indd	Adobe InDesign Document
.pct	Picture File
.pdf	Portable Document Format File

Spreadsheet Files
.xlr	Works Spreadsheet
.xls	Excel Spreadsheet
.xlsx	Microsoft Excel Open XML Spreadsheet

Database Files
.accdb	Access 2007 Database File
.db	Database File
.dbf	Database File
.mdb	Microsoft Access Database
.pdb	Program Database
.sql	Structured Query Language Data File

Executable Files
.app	Mac OS X Application
.bat	DOS Batch File
.cgi	Common Gateway Interface Script
.com	DOS Command File
.exe	Windows Executable File
.gadget	Windows Gadget
.jar	Java Archive File
.pif	Program Information File
.vb	VBScript File
.wsf	Windows Script File

Game Files
.dem	Video Game Demo File
.gam	Saved Game File
.nes	Nintendo (NES) ROM File
.rom	N64 Game ROM File
.sav	Saved Game

CAD Files
.dwg	AutoCAD Drawing Database File
.dxf	Drawing Exchange Format File

GIS Files
.gpx	GPS Exchange File
.kml	Keyhole Markup Language File

Web Files
.asp	Active Server Page
.aspx	Active Server Page Extended File
.cer	Internet Security Certificate
.cfm	ColdFusion Markup File
.csr	Certificate Signing Request File
.css	Cascading Style Sheet
.htm	Hypertext Markup Language File
.html	Hypertext Markup Language File
.js	JavaScript File
.jsp	Java Server Page
.php	Hypertext Preprocessor File
.rss	Rich Site Summary
.xhtml	Extensible Hypertext Markup Language File

Plugin Files
.8bi	Photoshop Plug-in
.plugin	Mac OS X Plug-in
.xll	Excel Add-In File

Font Files
.fnt	Windows Font File
.fon	Generic Font File
.otf	OpenType Font
.ttf	TrueType Font

System Files
.cab	Windows Cabinet File
.cpl	Windows Control Panel Item
.cur	Windows Cursor
.dll	Dynamic Link Library
.dmp	Windows Memory Dump
.drv	Device Driver
.icns	Mac OS X Icon Resource File
.ico	Icon File
.lnk	File Shortcut
.sys	Windows System File

Settings Files
.cfg	Configuration File
.ini	Windows Initialization File
.keychain	Mac OS X Keychain File
.prf	Outlook Profile File

Encoded Files
.hqx	BinHex 4.0 Encoded File
.mim	Multi-Purpose Internet Mail Message File
.uue	Uuencoded File

Compressed Files
.7z	7-Zip Compressed File
.deb	Debian Software Package
.gz	Gnu Zipped Archive
.pkg	Mac OS X Installer Package
.rar	WinRAR Compressed Archive
.rpm	Red Hat Package Manager File
.sit	StuffIt Archive
.sitx	StuffIt X Archive
.tar.gz	Compressed Tarball File
.zip	Zipped File
.zipx	Extended Zip File

Disk Image Files
.bin	Binary Disc Image
.cue	Cue Sheet File
.dmg	Mac OS X Disk Image
.iso	Disc Image File
.toast	Toast Disc Image
.vcd	Virtual CD

Developer Files
.c	C/C++ Source Code File
.class	Java Class File
.cpp	C++ Source Code File
.cs	Visual C# Source Code File
.dtd	Document Type Definition File
.fla	Adobe Flash Animation
.java	Java Source Code File
.m	Objective-C Implementation File
.pl	Perl Script
.py	Python Script

Backup Files
.bak	Backup File
.tmp	Temporary File

Misc Files
.dbx	Outlook Express E-mail Folder
.ics	iCalendar File
.msi	Windows Installer Package
.part	Partially Downloaded File
.torrent	BitTorrent File

Explanation of Megabytes, Gigabytes, Terabytes...

In this post I am gonna explain the disk space, or data storage space, and system memory used in computing. We are mostly using the terms megabyte and gigabyte. In some cases we use kilobyte and terabyte. But there are something before kilobyte and after terabyte. 

You can have some more terms in the following table:

Virtual Storage

Disk Storage

1 Bit = Binary Digit 8 Bits = 1 Byte 1024 Bytes = 1 Kilobyte 1024 Kilobytes = 1 Megabyte 1024 Megabytes = 1 Gigabyte 1024 Gigabytes = 1 Terabyte 1024 Terabytes = 1 Petabyte 1024 Petabytes = 1 Exabyte 1024 Exabytes = 1 Zettabyte 1024 Zettabytes = 1 Yottabyte 1024 Yottabytes = 1 Brontobyte 1024 Brontobytes = 1 Geopbyte

1 Bit = Binary Digit            8 Bits = 1 Byte            1000 Bytes = 1 Kilobyte            1000 Kilobytes = 1 Megabyte            1000 Megabytes = 1 Gigabyte            1000 Gigabytes = 1 Terabyte            1000 Terabytes = 1 Petabyte            1000 Petabytes = 1 Exabyte            1000 Exabytes = 1 Zettabyte            1000 Zettabytes = 1 Yottabyte            1000 Yottabytes = 1 Brontobyte            1000 Brontobytes = 1 Geopbyte

This is based on the IBM Dictionary of computing method to describe the disk storage. Let's find out more detail of the above terms:

Bit: A Bit is the smallest unit of data used by a computer. It can be used to represent two states of information. For example- Yes or No, right or wrong etc.

Byte: A Byte is equal to 8 Bits. A Byte can represent 256 states of information, for example, numbers or a combination of numbers and letters. 1 Byte could be equal to one character. 10 Bytes could be equal to a word. 100 Bytes would equal an average sentence.

Kilobyte: A Kilobyte is approximately 1,000 Bytes, actually 1,024 Bytes depending on which definition is used. 1 Kilobyte might be equal to this paragraph you are reading, whereas 100 Kilobytes would equal a full page like this one.

Megabyte: A Megabyte is approximately 1,000/1,024 Kilobytes. In the early days of computing, a Megabyte was considered to be a large amount of data may be similar to 1 GB of today. These days with a 500 Gigabyte hard drive on a computer being common, a Megabyte doesn't seem like much anymore. One of those old 3-1/2 inch floppy disks can hold 1.44 Megabytes or the equivalent of a small book. 100 Megabytes might hold a couple volumes of Encyclopedias. 600 Megabytes is about the amount of data that will fit on a CD-ROM disk.

Gigabyte: A Gigabyte is approximately 1,000/1,024 Megabytes. A Gigabyte is still a very common term used these days when referring to disk space or drive storage. 1 Gigabyte of data is almost twice the amount of data that a CD ROM can hold. 100 Gigabytes could hold the entire library floor of academic journals.

Terabyte: A Terabyte is approximately one trillion bytes, or 1,000/1,024 Gigabytes. Now one and two terabyte drives are the normal specs for many new computers. To put it in some perspective, a Terabyte could hold about 3.6 million 300 Kilobyte images or maybe about 300 hours of high quality video. A Terabyte could hold 1,000 copies of the Encyclopedia Britannica. Ten Terabytes could hold the printed collection of the Library of Congress.

Petabyte: A Petabyte is approximately 1,000/1,024 Terabytes or one million Gigabytes. It's hard to visualize what a Petabyte could hold. 1 Petabyte could hold approximately 20 million 4-door filing cabinets full of text. It could hold 500 billion pages of standard printed text. It would take about 500 million floppy disks to store the same amount of data.

Exabyte: An Exabyte is approximately 1,000/1,024 Petabytes. Another way to look at it is that an Exabyte is approximately one Quintilian bytes or one billion Gigabytes. There is not much to compare an Exabyte to. It has been said that 5 Exabytes would be equal to all of the words ever spoken by mankind.

Zettabyte: A Zettabyte is approximately 1,000/1,024 Exabytes. There is nothing to compare a Zettabyte to but to say that it would take a whole lot of ones and zeroes to fill it up.

Yottabyte: A Yottabyte is approximately 1,000 Zettabytes. It would take approximately 11 trillion years to download a Yottabyte file from the Internet using high-power broadband. You can compare it to the World Wide Web as the entire Internet almost takes up about a Yottabyte.

Brontobyte: A Brontobyte is (you guessed it) approximately 1,000/1,024 Yottabytes. The only thing there is to say about a Brontobyte is that it is a 1 followed by 27 zeroes!

Geopbyte: A Geopbyte is about 1000/1,024 Brontobytes! Not sure why this term was created. I'm not sure whether someone alive today will ever see a Geopbyte hard drive. But world is changing so rapidly that it might not be impossible. One way of looking at a geopbyte is 15267 6504600 2283229 4012496 7031205 376 bytes. Can you imagine how much time required to use this term practically?!

Now you should have a good understanding of megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes and everything in between. Keep in touch to find out more in the future. Thanks.

Download Windows 8 Consumer Preview

By this time almost all of you know that windows 8 developer preview is available for download. But the latest news is that Microsoft has already released a consumer preview of Windows 8.

ISO images

An ISO image must be converted into installation media stored on a DVD or a USB flash drive. Instructions are provided on this page. Developer tools are available for download from Windows Dev Center.

English

64-bit (x64)                    Download (3.3 GB)                  

32-bit (x86)                    Download (2.5 GB)                  


Product Key:   DNJXJ-7XBW8-2378T-X22TX-BKG7J

Chinese (Simplified)

64-bit (x64)                    Download (3.4 GB)                  

32-bit (x86)                    Download (2.6 GB)                  


Product Key:   DNJXJ-7XBW8-2378T-X22TX-BKG7J

French

64-bit (x64)                    Download (3.3 GB)                  

32-bit (x86)                    Download (2.5 GB)                  

Product Key:   DNJXJ-7XBW8-2378T-X22TX-BKG7J

German

64-bit (x64)                    Download (3.3 GB)                  

32-bit (x86)                    Download (2.5 GB)                  

Product Key:   DNJXJ-7XBW8-2378T-X22TX-BKG7J

Japanese

64-bit (x64)                    Download (3.3 GB)                  


32-bit (x86)                    Download (2.5 GB)                  

Product Key:   DNJXJ-7XBW8-2378T-X22TX-BKG7J

System Requirements

Windows 8 Consumer Preview works great on the same hardware that powers Windows 7:

• Processor: 1 gigahertz (GHz) or faster
• RAM: 1 gigabyte (GB) (32-bit) or 2 GB (64-bit)
• Hard disk space: 16 GB (32-bit) or 20 GB (64-bit) 
• Graphics card: Microsoft DirectX 9 graphics device or higher 
• To use touch, you need a tablet or monitor that supports multitouch 
• To access Windows Store and to download and run apps, you need an active Internet connection and a screen resolution of at least 1024 x 768 
• To snap apps, you need a screen resolution of at least 1366 x 768

For more information, visit here.

Cheat Codes for GTA Vice City!!

GTA Vice City was released several years ago. This is somewhat old game now. But even it is very popular in the gaming world. Specially this game is suitable for the beginner. 

While playing the game or at the pause menu, enter one of the following codes to activate the corresponding cheat function. If you entered the code correctly, a message "Cheat Activated" will appear.

And never place a space between the cheats which has more than one word. Words are capitalized and separated so that they can be easily viewed and memorized. You should only type the words without any space and capitalization. 

Result	Cheat Code
Health [Note 1]	Aspirine
Armor	Precious Protection
Weapons (tier 1)	Thugs Tools
Weapons (tier 2)	Professional Tools
Weapons (tier 3)	Nutter Tools
Raise wanted level	You Wont Take Me Alive
Lower wanted level	Leave Me Alone
View media level when over two stars	Chase Stat
Better driving skills	Grip is Everything
Dodo cars (flying) [Note 2]	Come Fly With Me
Rhino tank	Panzer
Faster game clock	Life is passing me by
Faster game play	On Speed
Slower game play	Booooooring
Destroy all cars	Big Bang
Pedestrians riot	Fight Fight Fight
Pedestrians attack you	Nobody likes me
Pedestrians have weapons	Our god given right to be ararms
Pedestrians enter your car	Hopin Girl
Change wheel size	Loads of little things
Only wheels visible on cars	Wheels are all i need
Bikini women with guns [Note 3]	Chicks With Guns
Heavy traffic	Miami traffic
Pink traffic	A Hair Dressers Car
Black traffic	I Want it Painted Black
All traffic lights green	Green Light
Romero's Hearse	The Last Ride
Love Fist Limousine	Rock and Roll Car
Trashmaster	Rubbish Car
Bloodring Banger (style 1)	Travel in Style
Bloodring Banger (style 2)	Get There Quickly
Caddy	Better Than Walking
Pedestrian costumes [Note 4]	Still Like Dressing Up
Lance Vance costume	Look Like Lance
Ken Rosenberg costume	My Son is a Lawyer
Hilary King costume	L Look Like Hilary
Jezz Torent (Love Fist) costume	Rock and Roll Man
Dick (Love Fist) costume	We Love our Dick
Phil Cassaday costume	One Armed Band it
Sonny Forelli costume	T dont have the money sonny
Mercedes costume	Foxy Little Thing
Cars float on water	Sea Ways
Engines are faster	Get There Very Fast Indeed
Engines very fast	Get There Amazingly Fast
All cars are faster	Get There Fast
Tommy groupies [Note 5]	Fanny Magnet
Ricardo Diaz costume	Cheats have been Cracked
Tommy smokes cigarette	Certain Death
Tommy is fatter	Deep Fried Mars Bars
Tommy has thin arms and legs	Programmer
Good weather	A Pleasant Day
Great weather	A Lovely Day
Sunny weather	A Bit Drieg
Stormy weather	Cats and dogs
Foggy weather	Cant see a thing
Reguard target	Airship
Commit suicide	I cant take it any more

Note 1: If this code is enabled when there is damage on your car, the meter will be reset to zero without changing the visible effects of the damage.

Note 2: You will not be able to fly a helicopter correctly when this code is activated.

Note 3: The women will drop guns when they are killed.

Note 4: Repeat this code to cycle through the various pedestrian costumes, including a cop.

Note 5: Aim your gun at someone and they will attack your target.

Presented by: Marks PC Solution

Leading OS: Windows, Mac, Linux

Any desktop, laptop or mobile devices like iPad or Tablet PC essentially needs an OS to operate. And there are numerous OS and OS manufacturers throughout the world. But most of them are out of competition. People only know about very few of them.

In this post I am gonna focus on OS Usage Statistics of Micro Computer- Desktop, Laptop and Notebook. 

In the above figure you can easily see the usage statistics / market share of the most used OS of the world. If you need even more, then go for details below:

Windows: Software giant Microsoft secured the top position by their windows OS. This is the most widely used OS in the whole world. Specially in micro computers it has no strong competitors. More than 84% micro computers run on Windows OS.  Few years ago, when it lunched Windows Vista, it faces serious criticism. But few years later when Windows 7 released Microsoft was able to recover their reputation. Now it is working with Windows 8. Trial of Windows 8 is available in the net. And hopefully within few weeks/ months it is going to be released with full features and support. 

Mac: Late Steve Jobs' Apple is famous for iPod, iPad, iPhone. But it also produce desktop and tablet. And their devices run on Mac OS. Not bad, but can't compete with windows due to its closed business system and high price of hardware. Though its market share is still very low, but there is a chance for them to grab Windows OS users. And they are always trying to capture the OS market. But Microsoft is really a tough friend as their chairman is Mr. Bill Gates! Isn't it? 

Linux: Now come to the world of open source software. Yes, I am talking about Linux. This is at the bottom  of top used OS. It has different versions of OS and they are often released few times in a month. Some of them are well known to people. Such as- Ubuntu, Kubuntu, Lubuntu, Mint etc. Developers and IT professional like Linux and they are happy with it. But general people simply hate it due to its interface and complex system. If Linux wanna increase its share then it has no way if it fails to realize the users psychology. 

Others: There are many other OS too. But none of them are able to capture 1% of total market. List of other OS even may exceeds thousand! But nobody knows will one of them be able to access the top OS list or not. Here you can find the name of almost all OS. 

Goodbye BIOS

Goodbye BIOS, Welcome UEFI

Your computer's basic input/output system (BIOS) is about to become history and be replaced by Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI). Without compatibility problem, it has no pitfalls. 

When you turn on your system, a primitive system that dates back more than 30 years, the basic input/output system (BIOS), turns your cold hardware into a functioning system that your operating system can then boot from.

Can you imagine?! 30 years in the field of technology! Where things are changed within 30 seconds BIOS are surviving for 30 years! How can it be possible? Due to the compatibility problem this obsolete technology is surviving for a long time. Now it is time to change and upgrade. 

Hardware manufacturers are slowly replacing BIOS with the Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI). That's all well and good, but one UEFI feature, Secure Boot, could be used to lock PCs into being only able to boot one operating system: Windows 8. 

So, what's really going on here? Is UEFI just a way for Microsoft and its most loyal original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) to keep Linux and other alternative operating systems out or is it more than that? To answer that question, let's have a look at what is UEFI.


What is UEFI

If you've computer hardware business, you know that BIOS has been terribly back dated for decades. For example, a BIOS only has 1 MB of executable space. That means a BIOS has trouble to start up the multiple peripheral interfaces (USB, eSATA, ThunderBolt, etc.) devices, ports, and controllers on a modern Computer. Just as annoying, the BIOS was never meant to initialize more than a handful of devices so even if you can get all devices ready to go it will take up to 30 seconds after you turn the switch on before your PC is ready to start booting. 

Hardware manufacturers knew that BIOS was obsolete even before the 21st century dawned. But, until recently they couldn't agree on how to replace it.

In 1998, Intel started work on the “Intel Boot Initiative” (IBI), later known as Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI). While Apple, in its Intel-based Macs, and HP, with its Itanium 2 servers, used it, the other OEMs and, needless to say, Intel's rival chip vendors, weren't initially keen on adopting EFI. In 2007, Intel, along with AMD, AMI, Apple, Dell, HP, IBM, Lenovo, Microsoft, and Phoenix Technologies, finally agreed to use UEFI (the re-branded EFI) as the universal replacement for BIOS.

Don't mistake UEFI as being purely a BIOS replacement. It's not.

UEFI is a mini-operating system that sits on top of a computer's hardware and firmware. Instead of being stored in firmware, as is the BIOS, the UEFI code is stored in the /EFI/ directory in non-volatile memory. Thus, UEFI can be in NAND flash memory on the motherboard or it can reside on a hard drive, or even on a network share!


Even in a UEFI system there will still be a little bit of the BIOS in the firmware to enable UEFI itself to "boot" up.


The UEFI advantage

The first thing you'll notice about UEFI systems is that they boot faster and you can have even larger primary drives. The BIOS is unable to boot from hard disks with more than 2.2 TB. That's a hard limit set in the Master Boot Record (MBR) that you can't fix. In the BIOS MBR, the maximum space for a drive is determined by the formula: 2 to the 32nd times 512 bits. This is an old hard drive addressing scheme. What it means in practice is that all but the most up-to-date computers can't boot with hard drives that are larger than 2.2TB. With 3TB drives now becoming common, OEMs have no choice but to move to UEFI on high-end PCs.

UEFI uses the GUID (Globally Unique ID) Partition Table, both to replace the MBR and address partitions. With GUID, you'll be able to boot from hard disks as large as 9.4ZB (zetabytes). How big is that? Well, everything -- and I mean everything -- on the Internet is believed to be just over 3ZBs. I don't think we have to worry about UEFI not being able to manage any drive it's likely to run into anytime soon.

Nice Images of Modern Technology

This post is all about some nice images of today's exiting products as well as technology with a brief discussion on it.

Apple Products

iPhone 4

iPad 2

Thinner, Lighter, Faster & Facetime

Windows 7 Laptop

Entertainment Everywhere: Microsoft

Season Pass: Microsoft

acer

Windows 8 Download

By this time, hopefully you all have already heard about Windows 8. Actually it is just a preview of original OS.  Though it is a preview, I was very curious about it. 

In order to test it I requested one of my friends to download it for me. After getting it, I installed Windows 8 on my system and found a new world of computing! 

There is a revolutionary change in Windows 8. At first glance you may be lost your path in the wonderful options of windows 8. But keep using it for some days. You will just love it.

You can find something more about windows 8 here. 


For 64-bit version, go here. 
For 32-bit version, go here. 


You might have a question. Will I be able to run windows 8 on my system? 
The answer is very simple. If your PC supports windows 7, then windows 8 will also run on it. 

Click here if you want Windows 8 Release Preview.

Windows 8 Developer Preview

Microsoft released windows 8 developer preview a few months ago. Maybe it will expire on 8 of March.

After that, hopefully Microsoft will release beta version of windows 8. And most probably Windows 8 will be called Midori. And by introducing this name Microsoft OS is probably leaving the word windows from their OS name.

Now have a look at windows 8 Features:
* Fast booting time
* Less RAM consumption
* Metro Style
* Touch Friendly
* Multi Tasking
* Increased Performance
* More beautiful interface

I run windows 7 on my pc. Can I run windows 8?

The ans is yes for sure. It is a great news that windows 8 will work fine with the requirements of windows 7! Moreover it will consume less amount of resources than windows 7.